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Introduction

This is a series of resources commissioned by WWF to help inform future management of the Area we call “the Last Ice Area”. We call it that because the title refers to the area of summer sea ice in the Arctic that is projected to last. As climate change eats away at the rest of the Arctic’s summer sea ice, climate and ice modellers believe that the ice will remain above Canada’s High Arctic Islands, and above Northern Greenland for many more decades.

Much life has evolved together with the ice. Creatures from tiny single celled animals to seals and walrus, polar bears and whales, depend to some extent on the presence of ice. This means the areas where sea ice remains may become very important to this ice-adapted life in future. One of my colleagues suggested we should have called the project the Lasting Ice Area. I agree, although it’s a bit late to change the name now, that name better conveys what we want to talk about. While much is changing, and is likely to change around the Arctic, this is the place that is likely to change the least. That is also meaningful for the people who live around the fringes of this area – while people in other parts of the Arctic may be forced to change and adapt as summer sea ice shrinks, the people around the LIA may not have to change as much.

As a conservation organization, WWF does not oppose all change. Our goal is to help maintain important parts of the natural world, parts that are important just because they exist, and important for people. WWF does not have the power and authority to impose its vision on people. Instead, we try to present evidence through research, and options for action. It is then up to the relevant authorities as to whether they will take action or not; the communities, the Inuit organizations, and the governments of the Last Ice Area will decide its future fate. We hope you will find the information in these reports useful, and that it will help you in making wise decisions about the future of the Last Ice Area.

- Clive Tesar, WWF Global Arctic Programme. Last Ice Area project lead

Introduktion

Dette studie er et i en række af studier, som WWF har igangsat med det formål at bistå fremtidige forvaltninger af det område, som vi kalder Last Ice Area / Den Sidste Is. Navnet refererer til det område med sommerhavis i Arktis, som beregnes til at bestå længst. I takt med at klimaforandringerne tærer på den resterende sommerhavis i Arktis, forudser is- og klimaberegninger, at denne is fortsat vil eksistere over Canadas nordøstlige øer og over Nordgrønland i mange årtier endnu.

Meget liv har udviklet sig sammen med isen. Fra de mindste encellede organismer til sæler, hvalrosser, isbjørne og hvaler er en hel række skabninger afhængige af tilstedeværelsen af denne is. I fremtiden kan de områder, hvor der stadig findes havis, blive meget vigtige for de dyr, der er tilpasset et liv ved isen. En af mine kolleger foreslog, at vi skulle have kaldt området Lasting Ice Area /Den Blivende Is. Selvom det er for sent at ændre navnet nu, så giver jeg ham ret i at denne titel bedre ville formidle det vi ønsker at tale om. Mens meget er under forandring og sandsynligvis vil ændre sig i Arktis, er dette område det, der formentlig vil ændre sig mindst. Det har også stor betydning for de mennesker, der bor i udkanten af dette område. Mens folk i andre områder af Arktis kan blive tvunget til at ændre og tilpasse sig, i tråd med at sommerhavisen bliver mindre, behøver de mennesker, der lever ved Den Sidste Is måske ikke at ændre deres livsform så meget.

WWF er en natur- og miljøbeskyttelsesorganisation der ikke modsætter sig al forandring. Vi arbejder for at beskytte og bevare natur, og især den natur der er vigtig simpelthen fordi den findes og fordi den er vigtig for mennesker der. WWF har hverken indflydelse eller mandat til at pålægge andre vores vision. I stedet forsøger vi at dokumentere vores holdninger gennem forskning og ved at fremlægge handlingsmuligheder. Det er herefter op til de relevante myndigheder om de vil handle eller ej: lokalsamfund, organisationerne og regeringerne i det område, hvor vi finder Last Ice Area/Den Sidste Is, vil afgøre områdets fremtidige skæbne. Vi håber, at I vil finde rapporten nyttig, og at den vil hjælpe til med at træffe gode beslutninger om fremtiden for Last Ice Area/Den Sidste Is.

- Clive Tesar, WWF Global Arctic Programme. Projektleder Last Ice Area.

Ilisarititsineq

Siunissami Last Ice Area-mik (LIA) taagugaq – imaluunniit Siku Kingulleq pillugu misissuinissap nakkutigineqarnissaanut ikorfartuiniarluni misissuinerit ilaattut misissuineq una WWF-ip aallartippaa. Issittup imartaa aasaanerani sikuuinnartartoq, sivisunerpaamik aannikuunngitsoq misissuinerup taaguuteqaatigaa. Issittup imartaa aasaanerani sikuuinnartartoq silap pissusaata allanngoriartornera peqqutigalugu milliartuinnaraluartoq, sikumik silallu pissusaata allanngoriartorneranik misissuinerit naapertorlugit, qeqertat Canadap avannnaata kangianittut kiisalu Kalaallit Nunaata avannaata avataat suli ukiuni qulikkaani arlalinni sikuuinnarallassapput.

Siku uumassusillit minnersaanniit puisinut, aarrinut, nannunut arfernullu ineriartorfiusimalluni, siku tamanna arlalinnit pinngitsoorneqarsinnaanngilaq. Sumiiffiit suli sikusartut uumasunut sikup sinaanut naleqqussarsimasunut siunissami pingaaruteqartupilussuussaaq. Suleqatima siunnersuutigingaluarpaa sumiiffik tamanna atsissagipput Lasting Ice Area – Siku aajuitsoq. Uanga isumaqataavunga. Atsernissaanut kingusinaareeraluarluta, samminiagarput taamatut paasiuminarsarneqarsinnaavoq. Issittumi sorpassuit allanngoriartorput sulilu allat aamma allanngoriartulissagunarlutik, sumiiffilli tamanna allanngujuinnerpaassagunarpoq. Sumiiffimmi aamma inunnut sikup sinaani najugalinnut tamanna pingaaruteqarpoq. Issittumi sumiiffinni allani aasaanerani sikuuinnartartup milliartornera ilutigalugu inuit noorarlutik allami naleqqussartussaassasut, maani Siku Aajuitsup eqqaani najugallit inuunerminnik allannguingaartariaqassanngillat.

WWF pinngortitamik avatangiisinillu illersuiniaqatigiiffittut pissutsinut allanngortunut akerliuniartuunngilaq. Pinngortitap, minnerunngitsumik inunnik najugaqartunit pingaartinneqartup illersornissaanik eriagisaanissaanillu suliaqartuuvugut. Inuit allat uagut takorluukkatsinnik sunnerniarnissaanut WWF-imi pissaaneqaratalu pisussaaffeqanngilagut. Isummagulli ilisimatusarnikkut periusissanillu saqqummiisarnikkut uppernarsaaserniartarlutigit. Tamanna pereeraangat periuseqartoqassanersoq iliuuseqartoqassannginnersorluunniit taava oqartussat namminneq aalajangertussaasarpaat. Sumiiffimmi Siku Kingulliup inissisimaffiani najugallit, kattuffiit kiisalu oqartussat tamaani qanoq iliuuseqartoqassanersoq aalajangissavaat. Neriuppugut nalunaarusiaq iluaqutigisinnaassagissi, siunissamilu Siku Kingulleq pillugu aalajangiinissassinnut ikiuutaalluarumaartoq.

- Clive Tesar, WWF Global Arctic Programme. Projektleder Last Ice Area.

ᐱᒋᐊᕈᑎᔅᓴᑦ

ᐅᓇ ᑲᑎᓐᖓᐅᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓄᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᖑᔪᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ WWF-ᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐊᖅᑮᒐᔭᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔪᐃᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒍ ᐃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᑕᐃᒐᖅᑕᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ “ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᖅ ᐃᓂᖓ”. ᑕᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᑕᐃᒍᖅᑕᐅᕗᖅ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑎᕆᔭᖓᓐ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᓐᓂᑐᐊᕆᓲᕆᓂᐊᖅᑕᖓ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᑑᓂᐊᕋᓱᒋᔭᖅ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᑦᑕᐅᖏᓐᓇᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᓯᑯᖁᑖ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ, ᓯᓚᒧᑦ ᓯᑯᒧᓪᓗ ᖃᕆᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᑖᕈᑎᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᐅᑉᐱᕆᔭᖃᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᕋᔭᓐᓂᖓ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᐊᑕ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐃᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᖁᓛᒍᓪᓗ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᖓᑕ ᑲᓛᖦᖠᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᑕ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᒐᓴᒃᑲᓐᓂᓐᓄᑦ.

ᐊᒥᓲᔪᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᓱᖏᐅᑎᓯᒪᕗᑦ ᓯᑯᒥᒃ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᓇᓱᐊᓐᓂᒻᒥᒃ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑎᓪᓗᓂ. ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᖅᖢᒋᑦ ᑕᖅᓴᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐃᔨᒧᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑎᑭᖦᖢᒍ ᓂᔾᔪᑎᓄᑦ ᓲᓪᓗ ᓇᑦᑏᑦ ᐊᐃᕖᓪᓗ, ᓇᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᕝᕖᓪᓗ, ᑐᓐᖓᓂᖃᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᑯᒧᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᓐᓂᒻᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᑐᑭᖃᖅᐳᖅ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕕᔾᔪᐊᓕᓐᓂᐊᒻᒪᑕ ᓯᕗᓂᒻᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᓯᑯᒥᒃ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᓲᓄᑦ. ᐃᓚᖓᑕ ᐱᓕᕆᔨᐅᖃᑎᒪ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ ᐊᑦᑎᖅᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᓂᐅᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᕗᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᑐᐊᖅ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᖅ ᐃᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᐊᖏᖃᑎᖃᖅᐳᖓ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ ᑭᖑᕚᖓᓇᓱᒋᔭᕋ ᐊᑎᖅᓯᒪᓕᕇᕋᑦᑎᒍᑦ, ᑖᓐᓇᓗ ᐊᑎᖓᑦ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔪᒪᔭᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᒐᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᐊᖅᖢᓂᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᕗᑦ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐃᓂᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓐᖏᓛᖑᓗᐊᕋᔭᒻᒪᑦ. ᑖᓐᓇᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᑐᑭᖃᖃᓯᐅᑎᕗᖅ ᐊᑑᑎᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᓄᖏᓄᑦ ᓯᓚᑎᑦᑎᐊᖓᓐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑎᐅᔪᑦ - ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᓯᔭᕆᐊᖃᕋᔭᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕆᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᕈᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᒍᓂ, ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᐃᓄᖏᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᑉ ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓗᐊᕌᓗᒋᐊᖃᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓇᓱᒋᔭᑦ.

ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᔨᐅᓇᓱᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᑎᒥᐅᕗᑦ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊ WWF ᐊᑭᕋᖅᑐᐃᓐᖏᓚᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᓐᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ. ᑐᕌᒐᕆᔭᕗᑦ ᑕᕝᕘᓇ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓛᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᔾᔪᐊᑉ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑐᖃᖏᑦ, ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᕈᑎᓖᑦ ᐱᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᑯᔅᓴᐅᒻᒪᑕ, ᐃᓄᖁᑎᖏᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᓐᓂᕆᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ WWF ᐱᔪᓐᓇᓐᓂᖃᓐᖏᒻᒪᑕ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᓇᑎᓪᓗ ᑕᐅᑦᑐᒐᕆᔭᖏᑦ ᐊᓯᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖁᔨᔭᕆᐊᒥᓂᒃ. ᑭᓯᐊᓂᓕ, ᑕᑯᔅᓴᕈᐃᓇᓱᓲᖑᔪᒍᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐃᔾᔪᑎᒃᑯᑦ, ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᓂᓪᓗ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑎᓂᒃ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐃᔪᓐᓇᒻᒪᖔᑦᑕ ᓵᓐᖓᓂᐊᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᓪᓕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᑎᒥᖏᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓱᓕᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᓐᓂᐊᒻᒪᖔᒥᓂᒃ; ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑎᒥᖁᑎᖏᓪᓗ, ᑖᒃᑯᐊᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᐃᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓄᑦ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᑉ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕆᔭᕆᐊᖃᓐᓂᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐊᖅᑮᓗᑎᓪᓗ. ᓂᕆᐅᒃᑲᓗᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᔭᐅᑦᑕᖅᑐᑦ ᑖᒃᑯᓇᓂ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᑦᑎᐊᖁᓪᓗᑎᒍᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᑦᑕᐅᖅ ᐃᑲᔪᐃᔪᓐᓇᕋᓱᒋᔭᕗᑦ ᐃᓕᔅᓯᓐᓂᒃ ᓯᕗᓂᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᓯᓚᑐᓴᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖅᑮᔪᓐᓇᓐᓂᐊᕋᔅᓯ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᐅᓂᖓᓐᓄᑦ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᖅ ᐃᓂᖓ.

- ᑭᓚᐃᕝ ᑕᔅᓴᐅ, WWF-ᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᔾᔪᐊᒻᒥ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᐊᓄᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ. ᑭᖑᓕᖅᐹᖅ ᓯᑯᖃᐃᓐᓇᓲᖅ ᐃᓂᖓ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐃᔨᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖓ

Materials

Summary of the June 2013 Last Ice Area workshop (Iqaluit, Canada)


Arctic Biodiversity Assessment
From Arctic Council’s Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna working group Canada Last Ice Area scoping study Greenland Last Ice Area Scoping study
Summary Full High Arctic Conservation, Use & Development Challenges
Discussion paper for workshop Ice modelling
Summary Full Identification of ecologically and biologically significant areas in the Canada Arctic (EBSAs) Life linked to ice
Summary Full report WWF Last Ice Area Traditional Knowledge Report, ICC Canada
Summary
Mechanisms for conservation of marine areas in Canada Best practices for Arctic shipping ArkGIS factsheet