Kemp's ridley turtles can claim the unenviable title of the most endangered of all sea turtles. The species has a restricted range and nests only along a small stretch of coastline in the Gulf of Mexico.
Kemp's ridley turtle
Kemp's ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), Mexico.
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Common Name
Kemp's ridley, Atlantic Ridley, Gulf Ridley, Mexican Ridley; Lépidochelyde de Kemp, Ridley de Kemp, Tortue de Kemp (Fr); Cotorra, Tortuga Lora, Tortuga marina bastarda (Sp)
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Scientific Name
Lepidochelys kempii
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Status
IUCN: Critically Endangered (CR A1ab) CITES: Appendix I CMS listing: Appendix I and II
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population
Approx. 1,000 nesting females
A species back from the brink?
In the 1940s, more than 100,000 Kemp ridley turtles came ashore in a single day to nest. By the 1980s, numbers were down to a few hundred nesting females. This species does not appear to migrate across open oceans but juveniles move up and down the east coast of the USA between feeding and nesting grounds.
Conservation efforts led by USA and Mexico have been ongoing since the 1970s, when the nesting beach of Rancho Nuevo was declared a National Reserve. These efforts have been relatively successful and today there is a female breeding population of approximately 1,000 individuals.
Conservation efforts led by USA and Mexico have been ongoing since the 1970s, when the nesting beach of Rancho Nuevo was declared a National Reserve. These efforts have been relatively successful and today there is a female breeding population of approximately 1,000 individuals.
Kemp's ridley turtle hatchling, Padre Island National Seashore, US
Physical Description
The species differs from the olive ridley by its parrot-like beak and flatter, almost completely round, carapace.
Size
Ridley turtles are around 70cm long, and up to 40kg in weight.
Colour
The carapace (shell) of Kemp's ridley is olive grey, while the plastron (underside) is yellowish/white.
Life Cycle
Adult females migrate hundreds or even thousands of kms between feeding habitats, mating areas and their preferred nesting beach in Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Adult males appear to be nonmigratory, and stay mainly in coastal waters around Rancho Nuevo.
Breeding
Having reached sexual maturity at around 12 years of age, the nesting takes place during daylight along a single stretch of coastline in the Gulf of Mexico. Like olive ridleys, this species nests in arribadas -'mass arrival' in Spanish.
Kemp's ridleys are thought to nest every 2 years, with approximately 3 clutches of about 90 eggs in one season. Incubation lasts about 45 days, and the nesting season extends from March to August, with a peak in May and early June.
Characteristically, ridleys camouflage their nests by rocking from side to side after covering the nest, in order to compact the sand and disguise the nest.
Diet
Kemp's ridleys are carnivores, although the feeding behaviour of the hatchlings and juveniles is not well understood. Adults eat crabs, shrimp, clams, and sea urchins. Juveniles eat small species of crabs, but prefer larger species as they mature.
Size
Ridley turtles are around 70cm long, and up to 40kg in weight.
Colour
The carapace (shell) of Kemp's ridley is olive grey, while the plastron (underside) is yellowish/white.
Life Cycle
Adult females migrate hundreds or even thousands of kms between feeding habitats, mating areas and their preferred nesting beach in Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Adult males appear to be nonmigratory, and stay mainly in coastal waters around Rancho Nuevo.
Breeding
Having reached sexual maturity at around 12 years of age, the nesting takes place during daylight along a single stretch of coastline in the Gulf of Mexico. Like olive ridleys, this species nests in arribadas -'mass arrival' in Spanish.
Kemp's ridleys are thought to nest every 2 years, with approximately 3 clutches of about 90 eggs in one season. Incubation lasts about 45 days, and the nesting season extends from March to August, with a peak in May and early June.
Characteristically, ridleys camouflage their nests by rocking from side to side after covering the nest, in order to compact the sand and disguise the nest.
Diet
Kemp's ridleys are carnivores, although the feeding behaviour of the hatchlings and juveniles is not well understood. Adults eat crabs, shrimp, clams, and sea urchins. Juveniles eat small species of crabs, but prefer larger species as they mature.
Major habitat type
Shallow sand and mud, estuaries
Biogeographic realm
Neotropical
Range States
Mexico, U.S.
Geographical Location
Gulf of Mexico, western Atlantic
Ecological Region
Greater Antillean Marine, Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef
Shallow sand and mud, estuaries
Biogeographic realm
Neotropical
Range States
Mexico, U.S.
Geographical Location
Gulf of Mexico, western Atlantic
Ecological Region
Greater Antillean Marine, Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef
Kemp's Ridley Hatchlings
What are the main threats?
The main threats which affect marine turtles are:
Various factors caused the decline of this species, including near-total exploitation of eggs, slaughter of adults for meat by local people, and fisheries bycatch during shrimp trawling. Today, fishing nets and gear may be its biggest threat yet.
Nests of the Kemp's ridley are shallow and poorly disguised, making them relatively easy for human and non-human predators to find. Animals such as coyotes, skunks, and racoons predate the nests, and ghost crabs, gulls, and other sea birds prey on the hatchlings. In addition, this species is locally threatened by pollution.
- Habitat loss and degradation
- Wildlife trade
- Collection of eggs and meat for consumption
- Incidental capture (bycatch)
- Climate change
- Pollution
Various factors caused the decline of this species, including near-total exploitation of eggs, slaughter of adults for meat by local people, and fisheries bycatch during shrimp trawling. Today, fishing nets and gear may be its biggest threat yet.
Nests of the Kemp's ridley are shallow and poorly disguised, making them relatively easy for human and non-human predators to find. Animals such as coyotes, skunks, and racoons predate the nests, and ghost crabs, gulls, and other sea birds prey on the hatchlings. In addition, this species is locally threatened by pollution.
Kemp's ridley turtle is a priority species. WWF treats priority species as one of the most ecologically, economically and/or culturally important species on our planet. And so we are working to ensure such species can live and thrive in their natural habitats.
Why is this species important?
Marine turtles fulfill important roles in marine ecosystems
Kemp's ridley turtles feed on invertebrates and may play important roles in both open ocean and coastal ecosystems.
Kemp's ridley turtles feed on invertebrates and may play important roles in both open ocean and coastal ecosystems.
What is WWF doing?
WWF works to protect marine turtles throughout the world through specialist programmes and regional projects devoted to the conservation of marine turtles.
This includes:
This includes:
- Action to address the impacts of climate change.
- Monitoring the migration patterns of marine turtles.
- Improving and supporting trade controls.
- Protecting nesting sites.
- Reducing bycatch and promoting smart fishing.
How you can help
- Send a turtle to rehab! Help the recuperation process for thousands of sick and injured turtles.
- Don't buy products which have been made from sea turtle parts. Guitars, ashtrays, jewellry and other products made from sea turtles are sold to tourists around the world.
